Tinea pedis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Tinea Pédis has tormented humanity for centuries, so it is surprising that in 1888, Pelijgari did not describe the situation till then. The first report of Tinea Pedeis was done in 1908 by Whitfield, which was with Suborraud, it was believed that Tinea Pedice was very rare infections caused by the same organism that produces tinea capitis.

The word tinea padis is used to treat skin soles and interdisciplinary spaces of skin. Tinea pedis is usually caused by trichophyton rubrum, which is initially spatial in small areas of Southeast Asia and parts of Africa and Australia.

The foot of the athlete, known as Tinea Pedis, is a common skin infection of the leg due to fungus. Symptoms and symptoms often include itching, scaling, cracking, and redness. Skin blisters may occur in rare cases. The athlete’s foot fungus can infect any part of the foot, but often grows between the toes. The next most common area is under foot. The same fungus can affect nails or hands too. It is a member of the group of diseases known as tinea.

The athlete’s foot is due to many different fungi. These include Trikofetan, Epidermofton and Microscopamic species. The condition is usually obtained by exposure to the infected skin, or the fungus in the environment. The general place where fungi can survive is in the swimming pool and locker rooms. They can spread from other animals too. Diagnosis is usually done on the basis of signs and symptoms; However, it can be confirmed either by culture or using hyphens using a microscope.

In some ways of prevention, public shavars are included in avoiding bare feet, avoiding tonel, wearing big shoes, and changing daily socks. When infected, the feet should be kept dry and clean and wearing sandals may help. Treatment can be applied either with antifungal drug, either clotrimazole or continuous infection of antifungal medicine, which is taken from mouth like teribinophin. The use of cream is usually recommended for four weeks.

The foot of the athlete was first described in 1908 as therapeutically. At the global level, the athlete’s foot affects about 15% of the population. Males are often affected compared to women. It often happens in older children or younger adults. It is believed that this is a rare situation, which became more due to the use of shoes, health clubs, war and travel in the 1900s more often.

Signs and Symptoms

The athlete’s foot is divided into four categories or presentations: the legs of the chronic interdigital athlete, the feet of the athlete (aka “Moccasin leg”), acute ulcerative Tinea Pedis, and legs of the Viciculobulas athlete. “Interactive” means between the toe. Here “Plantar” refers to the sole of the foot. In the ulcerative condition, involving macular lesions along with scalie borders. Due to the wide contact of moisture, the skin is soft and broken. A vesiculobullous disease is a type of mucous disease that is characterized by vesicles and bullae (blisters). Both vesicles and bullae are full of fluid wounds, and they are reputed on the basis of size (based on vesicles less than 5-10 mm and calling larger than 5-10 mm, depending on the definition is used).

The athlete’s foot is usually between the toe (interdisciplinary), in which there is usually a place between the fourth and fifth digits. Due to trichophyton rubrum, the symptoms of the foot of the interstitial athlete can be symptoms, it may be itchy, or the skin between the toe can be red or ulcerative (the skin is kept wet, so the skin with soft and white , Flaki), with or without itching T. Due to menagrofites, an acute ulcerative version of the foot of interstitial athlete is characterized by pain, macrion skin, erosion and odor due to skin, crystallization and secondary bacterial infection.

Plant athlete’s foot (Moccasin foot) T. Rubrum also occurs due to which unlimited, slightly arithmetic plaque (area of ​​redness of the skin), which is usually made on the surface of the leg (sole), is often covered by fine powder, hyperkeratotic scales.

The vesiculobullous type of athlete’s foot is less common and usually t. Due to mentagrophytes and usually appearing on the sole of the feet, itching is characterized by an sudden outbreak of blisters and vesicles on an erythematos base. This subtype of athlete’s foot is often complex with secondary bacterial infection by Streptococcus piogenes or Staphylococcus aureus.

Complications
As the disease progresses, the skin may become cracked, causing swelling of bacterial skin infections and lymphatic vessels. If allowed to grow for a very long time, then the athlete’s foot can spread to fungus tannell, it can eat on keratin, a condition called oncomyomosis.

Since the athlete’s foot may be itchy, it can also obtain scratch reflex, due to which the host can scratch the infected area before feeling it. Scratching can cause damage to the skin and damage the situation by allowing the fungus to spread and grow easily. The sensation of itching associated with the foot of the athlete can be so severe that it can scrub the hosts adequately enough to increase stimuli (open wounds), which are susceptible to bacterial infections. Further scratches can remove scabs, preventing the treatment process.

Scratches in infected areas can also spread the fungus in fingers and nails. If it is not washed soon, it can infect fingers and nails in the skin and in the nails (not under the fingers). After scratches, it can be spread to other parts of the body and anyone’s environment, including the person who touches it. Scratching also causes the scalp of infected skin to fall into someone’s environment, which spreads further ahead.

When athlete’s foot fungus or infrared skin particles spread in one’s environment (such as clothing, shoes, bathroom etc.), even if it can infect other people, not only by scratches, falling or rubbing, they also re-infected (Or transit further) they came from the host. For example, infected feet violate someone’s socks and shoes, which expose foot to the fungus and its seeds again.

The way the fungus spreads to other areas of the body (on someone’s fingers), it creates another complexity. When the fungus spreads to other parts of the body, after the treatment of the leg it can be easily spread in the legs. And because this situation is called something else everywhere, it grabs (for example, Tinea corporatis (ringworm) or tinea choris (jock itching), infected persons may not know that this is the only disease .

Some individuals may experience an allergic response to a fungus called an ID response, in which areas like blisters, arms and arms may appear blisters or vesicles. Treatment of inherent infections is usually done as a result of the disappearance of the ID response.

Causes
The athlete’s foot is a form of dermatophathosis (skin fungal infection), which is due to dermatology, fungus (most of which are mold), live in dead layers of skin and digest Keratin. Dermatophots are anthropophilic, which means that these parasitic fungas prefer to be human hosts. The athlete’s feet are usually trichophyton rubrum and T. Due to molds known as menagroves, but it may also be due to epidermofen flocosum. In most cases of athlete’s foot in the general population, T. Rubrum is; However, in athletes, most of the athlete’s feet are T. Are caused by menagroves.

The three most common dermatophant fungus due to Tinea Pedes are:

•  Trichofton (t.) Rubrum
•  T. Interdigitale, first t. Mentagrophytes are called var. interdigitale
•  Epidermophyton floccosum

Transmission
According to the UK’s National Health Service, “the athlete’s foot is very contagious and can spread through direct and indirect contact.” The disease can spread directly to others when they touch the infection. People can contact the contaminated items (clothing, towels, etc.) or surfaces (such as bathroom, shower, or locker room floor) and indirectly contract sickness. The fungus causing the feet of the athlete can easily spread to someone’s environment. The rings are rubbed with fingers and bare feet, but also travel on dead skin cells which constantly fall from the body. Athlete’s feet can spread fungus and nuisance to skin particles and flakes, socks, clothes, other people, pets (through petting), bed sheets, bath, shower, sink, counter, towels, rug, floor and carpets .

When the fungus spreads in pets, it can later spread to the hands and fingers of the people who domesticate them. If a pet often gnaws on itself, it may not possibly be fleas, it is reacting, it may be the tyrannical itching of Tinea.

One way to contract the athlete’s foot is to have fungal infection somewhere else on the body. The fungus causing the feet of athlete can spread from other areas of the body to the feet, usually touching the affected area or from scratch, causing fungus on fingers, and then touching the feet or scratches. While the fungus remains the same, the name of the position is located on the body’s infection, it varies on the basis. For example, the infection is known as tino corporatis (“ringworm”) when the fuselage or limb is affected or tinea rurus (jock itch or itchy itching) when gron is affected. Clothes (or shoes), heat of the body, and sweat can keep the skin hot and salt, only the environment needs to grow fungus.

Risk Factor
In addition to being aware of any of the above transmission transmission, there are additional risk factors that increase the chance of contracting the athlete’s foot. Those who have done athlete’s feet earlier, they are more likely to be infected than those people. Adults are more likely to catch athlete’s feet than children. Men have a greater chance of getting the feet of athletes than men. People with diabetes or weak immune systems are more sensitive to this disease. HIV / AIDS affects the immune system and increases the risk of receiving athlete’s foot. Hyperhidrosis (abnormally increasing sweating) increases the risk of infection and makes treatment more difficult.

Diagnosis

While visiting a doctor, the original diagnostic procedure applies. This includes examining medical records for the patient’s medical history and risk factors, during a medical interview during which the doctor asks questions (such as itching and scratches), and a physical examination. The athlete’s feet can usually be diagnosed by identifying less obvious symptoms such as visual inspection of the skin and itching of the affected area.

If the diagnosis is uncertain, then the direct microscopy of skin scrapping (which is known as KOH test) potassium hydroxide preparation can confirm the diagnosis of the athlete’s foot and other possible causes such as candidiasis, pit carotalysis, erythrass, contact Skin Disease, Eczema, or Psoriasis Dermatophos due to the athlete’s foot will display several septate branching hyphens on microscopy.

A wood lamp (black light), though useful for diagnosing fungal infections of the skull (tinea capitis), is usually not helpful in the diagnosis of athlete’s foot, because the normal antimicrobial, which causes the disease to cause ultraviolet light Do not florosis under.

The diagnosis of Tinea Pédis includes:

•  Foot eczema – especially due to constant humidity among the toes, closely followed by pedophomiax (pedopompholix), or irritability contact skin disease.
•  Contact an allergy dermatitis for a component of shoe (such as rubber accelerator, shoe adhesive, potassium dichromat, leather tanning agent or cloth dye)
•  Psoriasis  (plantar psoriasis)
•  Plantar pustulosis
•  Plantar keratoderma.

Prevention
Many preventive feet are sanitary measures that can stop the athlete’s foot and reduce recurrence. Some of these include drying the feet, reducing tonel; Use a different nail clipper for infected toenails; Using well-ventilated socks made of cotton or artificial moisture wicking materials (to dry the moisture to the skin to help dryness); Avoiding tight fitting shoes, often changing socks; And Jim is wearing sandals while walking through communal areas like shower and locker rooms.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Nails should be kept small and clean. Nails can infect the house and spread.” The use of antifonal powder on the foot can prevent the repetition of the athlete’s foot.

Fungus (mold) which causes the feet of the athlete, requires heat and moisture to survive and grow. There is an increased risk of infection in contact with hot, humid environment (such as curly shoe-foot or feet that are attached) and in a shared humid environment such as communal shower, shared pool and treatment tub. Chlorine bleach is a disinfectant and common home cleaner that kills the mold. Cleaning the surfaces with chlorine bleach solution prevents the disease from spreading from the later contact. Cleaning the counter with bathtub, shower, bathroom flooring, sink, and bleach helps in preventing the spread of the disease.

Keeping socks and shoes clean (using bleach in the wash) is a way to prevent fungus from catching and spreading. Another way to prevent transmission is to avoid boot and shoe sharing. The athlete’s feet can be broadcast by sharing shoes with the infected person. There are other forms of shoe-sharing to buy hand-me-down and used shoes. Sharing does not apply to towels also, because, although less common, towels can be passed with towels, especially salt.

To reduce the repetition of Tinea Pédis:

•  Dry legs and toes after bath
•  Use desiccating foot powder once or twice daily
•  Avoid wearing seduction shoes for long periods
•  Dry shoes and boots completely
•  Clean the shower and bathroom floor using a bleached product
•  Treat the shoes with antifungal powder.

Treatment
In 30-40% of cases the athlete’s foot gets solved without medication (resolves by itself). Topical antifungal medicine produces a lot of consistent treatment rates.

Traditional treatment usually involves washing daily feet daily or twice, after this, after the application of an occasional medicine. Since the outer skin layer is damaged and is susceptible to reunion, all the layers of the skin are continued until all the layers of the skin are replaced, approximately 2-6 week later. Keeping feet dry and practicing good hygiene (as described in the above section) is important to kill the fungus and prevent reunion.

Foot treatment is not always sufficient. Once the socks or shoe suffers from fungus, can re-wear the foot again (or further infected). The socks can be cleaned effectively by adding bleach or washing it in 60 degree Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) water. Washing with bleach can help with shoe, but the only way to ensure that a special pair of shoes can not contract the disease again, is to settle those shoes.

To be effective, the treatment includes all infected areas (such as tonnels, hands, torso, etc.). Otherwise, infection can spread back in areas including back. For example, except for the feline infection of the nail nail, it can once again spread to the rest of the leg, to form the feet of the athlete.

For the treatment of athlete’s foot, allelines such as teribinafine are considered to be more effective than azoll.

Severe or prolonged fungal skin infection may require treatment with oral antifungal medicine.

Topical Treatments
There are several occasional antifungal medicines useful in the treatment of athlete’s foot, including: micronozole nitrate, clotrimazole, tolnafaxhet (a synthetic therocarbamate), terbinaafine hydrochloride, butanineine hydrochloride and eggcelenic acid. Fungal infections can be treated with topical antifungal agents, which can take the form of spray, powder, cream or gel. Topical application of an antifungal cream such as teribinafine for a week or once for two weeks is effective in most cases of the feet of the betanafin athlete and is more effective than the use of micronozol or clotrimazole. The foot of the pentar-type athlete is more resistant to topical treatment due to the presence of thick hyperkeratotic skin on the sole of the foot. Uratea, salicylic acid (Whitfield plaster), and lactic acid Keratolytic and humectant drugs are useful helpful medicines and improves the entry of antifungal agents in thick skin. Topical glucocorticoids are sometimes prescribed to reduce swelling and itching associated with infection.

One solution of 1% potassium permanganate dissolved in hot water is an option of antifungal medicines. Potassium permanganate is a salt and a strong oxidizing agent.

Oral Treatment
The athlete’s foot is more effective than griseofulvin for severe or refractive cases of oral terbinafine. Flucconazole or itraconazole can be taken verbally for severe athlete’s foot infection. The most adverse adverse effects of these drugs are gastrointestinal disturbances.

Epidemiology
At global level, fungal infections affect about 15% of the population and affects one in five adults. The athlete’s feet are common in those who wear uncontrolled (temptation) shoes, such as rubber boots or vinyl shoes. Countries and regions in which bare feet are going, they usually experience very low rates of athlete’s foot compared to the bootwat population; As a result, the disease is called “the penalty for civilization”. Studies have shown that men are infected 2-4 times more than men.

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